---
title: "Currencies, currency pairs and indices"
author: "Imanuel Costigan"
date: "`r Sys.Date()`"
output: 
  rmarkdown::html_document:
    toc: true
    theme: spacelab
vignette: >
  %\VignetteIndexEntry{Basic financial market building blocks}
  %\VignetteEngine{knitr::rmarkdown}
  \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
---

```{r, echo = FALSE, message = FALSE}
knitr::opts_chunk$set(
  comment = "#>",
  error = FALSE,
  tidy = FALSE)
```

Currencies, currency pairs and interest rate indices are key building blocks to a coherent financial mathematics library. As currencies are the basis for transactions, they bring together different conventions in a unique manner. Currency pairs are required to define the terms of FX transactions while interest rate indices define the payoffs of the largest over-the-counter derivatives asset class.

## Currencies

The `fmbasics` package supplies implementations of the following key currencies:  `AUD`, `EUR`, `GBP`, `JPY`, `NZD` and `USD`. The 2006 ISDA definitions map these currencies to financial centres for the purposes of determining whether banks and FX markets settle payments on a given date.

```{r currency}
library("fmbasics")
(aud <- AUD())
aud$iso
aud$calendar
```

You can create other currencies by calling `Currency()`. However, you will need to define the currency's associated `fmdates::Calendar` first (along with its associated `fmdates::is_good()` method). 

## Currency pairs

It is also possible to create currency pairs and calculate value dates:

```{r currency_pairs}
(audusd <- AUDUSD())
dates <- as.Date(c("2014-04-16", "2014-04-19"))
to_fx_value(dates, 'today', audusd)
to_fx_value(dates, 'spot', audusd)
to_fx_value(dates, 'spot_next', audusd)
to_fx_value(dates, 'tomorrow', audusd)
to_fx_value(dates, months(3), audusd)
```

You can create other currency pairs by calling `CurrencyPair()`:

```{r make_currency_pair}
library("fmdates")
CurrencyPair(USD(), AUD(), c(USNYCalendar(), AUSYCalendar()))
```

## Interest rate indices

Interest rate indices are key to defining the payoffs on interest rate derivatives such as interest rate swaps, swaptions, etc. The `fmbasics` package provides implementations of the most important indices for the currencies that it supports including "xIBOR" and "xONIA" indices such as `USDLIBOR` and `EONIA`.

```{r indices, message=FALSE}
library("lubridate")
AONIA()
FedFunds()
AUDBBSW(months(3))
USDLIBOR(months(3))
```

You can use determine key dates associated with these indices relative to supplied dates such as the reset dates, value date and maturity date:

```{r index_dates}
to_reset(ymd(20170105) + days(0:2), USDLIBOR(months(3)))
to_value(ymd(20170105) + days(0:2), USDLIBOR(months(3)))
to_maturity(ymd(20170105) + days(0:2), USDLIBOR(months(3)))
```